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Word has it that Snap, the company that makes Snapchat, is planning to go public. If so, it’ll be the largest initial public suggesting by a tech company in two years.
I don’t use Snapchat. And no wonder: Most people who use it are under 25, and the company said in two thousand thirteen that 70% of its users are women. I’m neither.
At the same time, I’ve been dying to understand Snapchat. I mean, it’s a major cultural force: one hundred fifty million people use it each day. The company has yet to turn a profit, but it turned down Facebook’s suggest of $Three billion; the IPO it’s working on would value it at $25 billion.
So I determined to dive in, to talk to people, to pound on this app until I ultimately understood it. Here, for the benefit of people who don’t understand Snapchat, is what I discovered.
Very first, you need to know that Snapchat is indeed three apps crammed in one.
Function 1: Self-destructing messages
Snapchat’s primary (and most famous) feature is that it lets you send self-erasing photos to people. To be more precise, it lets you snap a picture or record a 10-second movie, dress it up with funny overlays, type and format a caption, draw on it with your finger if you like, and then send it to specified friends. Once they’ve seen your snap, it vanishes forever. Not even the company can get it back.
You can also post snaps publicly to all of your followers on a timeline (here called your Story), à la Facebook or Instagram; the difference is that whatever you post on Snapchat vanishes after twenty four hours.
For non-teenagers, the entire concept is a little bizarre. Why would you take photos and movies knowing they’ll vanish after one viewing? Isn’t the entire purpose of photos and movies to capture cherished memories to be viewed years from now?
Here’s my theory: Deep down, Snapchat’s appeal has to do with teenage insecurity.
Usually, what you post online is there forever. It can come back to haunt you. Everything on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, the web, text messages, email — it will always be there for people to judge you. Your parents might see it. A college admissions officer. A prospective employer.
But Snapchat takes the pressure off. If your snap is goofy or badly framed or embarrassing or incriminating — you don’t care! Post it anyway. No employer or principal or parent will ever find it and disapprove.
Furthermore, there are no comments, no Like buttons, no counts of how many friends you have. No judgment.
All of this gives Snapchat an honesty, an authenticity, an immediacy the other social media apps lack — and that millennials love.
The screenshot loophole
It is true, by the way, that if someone sends you a snap, you can take a screenshot of it before it vanishes, thereby preserving it forever and, presumably, defeating the entire purpose of Snapchat. (To take a screenshot on the iPhone, you press the sleep and Home buttons at the same time; on most Android phones, you press the volume-down and Home buttons.)
The app does notify you when an picture has been screen-shotted before it vanishes. But even that function can be defeated using little hacks that are effortless to find online.
So I couldn’t help wondering: Why would anyone risk sending mischievous or risky stuff, knowing that it could be captured forever?
One good response came from a respondent on Quora: “If you don’t trust someone to not take advantage of you, don’t send them that snap; it’s indeed that effortless.”
Another came from a high schooler I interviewed: “Nobody indeed thinks that the point of Snapchat is to send messages that will delete … unless it’s something secret or embarrassing, I guess. Anyway, I don’t think people care if you screenshot something.”
Either way, the screenshot loophole doesn’t seem to bother anyone.
One more exception: Once a day, you can see one snap one more time in case you missed it. Exceptionally, you can also pay to view snaps again (three replays for a dollar). Mostly, nobody bothers. (“I did not even know that was a feature. Neither did my cousins — noted avid Snapchat users,” said my high school source.)
Function Two: Standard talk program
Many teenagers use Snapchat permanently. They send many, many snaps. They live in the app.
The Snapchat folks have fanned that flame by adding text, voice, and movie talk capabilities to the app. You can have a conversation by typing, by talking, or by movie calling, and you can spank in lovely cartoony “stickers.”
These communications, too, vanish, once both parties have read them.
Function Trio: A news app
The third face of Snapchat’s personality is its latest incarnation as a news app. Online publications can post their own stuff for you to read: ESPN, Comedy Central, BuzzFeed, People, National Geographic, CNN, and others are already on board.
What does any of this publishing stuff have to do with talking with friends or sending self-destructing photos?
Hits the heck out of me, but I’d guess it has something to do with Snapchat attempting to make money.
(Most of my teenage sources say they don’t even look at these articles.)
Snapchat the Unknowable
Snapchat wins no awards for ease of use. In fact, it’s exceptionally hard to figure out, packed with unlabeled icons and confusingly arrayed screens. Many functions don’t have buttons at all; you get to them by swiping across the screen in various directions (as shown by the arrows here), which is something you kind of have to stumble on.
(Maybe this, too, is part of the appeal to teenagers. Every generation of teenagers has its secret, proprietary culture — slang, music, rituals — deliberately designed to shut out or mystify their parents. Maybe mastering Snapchat’s bizarre layout makes its fans feel like insiders in an off the hook club.)
Over time, Snapchat has become burdened by an almost absurd assortment of features. My impression is that it’s popular despite this feature-itis, not because of it.
How to use Snapchat
All that said, here’s a quick guide to get you embarked:
Functions two and three (talking and reading articles) are relatively effortless. To read the articles posted by media organizations, tap the lower-right button (labeled Detect in the right-hand screenshot above) to see the names of magazines and websites, and tap your way in to embark reading.
For talk, you swipe to the right from the camera screen to see your list of contacts, and then tap one to begin typing or calling.
That leaves us with the Big One, the primary Snapchat feature, the truly joy one: Sending self-deleting photos and movies.
When you very first open the app, its camera screen emerges. It works just like your phone’s regular camera app. Tap the upper-right camera button to use the phone’s front-facing camera to take a selfie (which is usually the point). Touch the big round shutter button to take the photo. (Or hold it down for up to ten seconds to record a movie.)
All Snapchat photos and movies are vertical, by the way; nobody turns the phone ninety degrees to take or view them in landscape mode.
Once you’ve snapped a shot, the real joy embarks: Dressing it up.
- Apply a filter: Swipe horizontally across your photo to apply a filter — to add a blue or green tint to the entire thing, for example. If you keep swiping, you’ll see some truly interesting ones: One adds the name of your city with a cool graphic treatment, another stamps the current time or temperature, yet another stamps your current speed in miles per hour (best if you’re not doing the driving).
- Stamp some stickers: At the top of the screen, the tilted square icon shown here [below, left] opens a page of emoji icons. Tap to stamp one on your photo. At that point, you can haul the “sticker” around to stir it, or pinch/spread with two fingers to enhance it or shrink it.
- Type some text: When you tap the T button at the top right of your photo screen, the keyboard opens [below, left]. Type a caption and then Done. Now you can haul with your finger to slide the caption up or down the photo.
Or maybe you’d choose giant lettering. To do that, tap the T to make the text fat [below, middle]. Tap a third time to center the text. Once it’s yam-sized, tap the text itself to open a page with a color slider, so you can switch the color [right].
- Draw on the photo: Tap the pencil icon to draw or write on the shot with your finger. Once again, a slider emerges so you can specify the color.
- Put on a virtual mask: You’d never in a million years stumble onto this feature without being told about it, but it’s hilarious and joy: Snapchat can turn you into a gorilla or a Viking or a bobblehead, either as a still or a movie, by superimposing an animated mask or costume on your live photo.
To see these software “masks” (or Lenses, as Snapchat calls them), the trick is to hold your finger down on your own face in the live camera view before taking the photo. After a moment, a grid out of a sci-fi movie shows up on your face, and icons for virtual masks pack the bottom of the screen. Tap one to attempt it out. (They switch all the time, for multitude.) Some come with instructions, like Open your mouth, which triggers a funny animation.
When you’ve got a look you like, snap it as a photo or movie just as you normally would, by touching or holding your finger down on the round button on the screen. (Snapchat charges $1 apiece to install fresh Lenses of this type.)
(I would have written that these virtual masks are so witty, fresh, and interesting that it’s worth installing Snapchat just to attempt them out — except that MSQRD is a free app that does exactly the same thing, with even better animations and smarts, and without all the extra clutter of Snapchat. If you have a child and an upcoming car rail, you must download MSQRD.)
Ultimately, you’re ready to post your masterpiece. For this, you use the icons at the bottom of the screen:
- Seconds: The lower-left icon specifies how many seconds your recipients will have to view your masterpiece before it vanishes. (They’ll see a countdown.)
- Save: Your friends aren’t supposed to keep a copy of your photo, but it’s OK for you to keep one. Tap Save to preserve it in your phone’s Photos collection.
- Post to your Story: Again, Story is Snapchat’s name for your timeline or newsfeed. It’s a way for you to make your snaps viewable to your entire social circle (which you specify in Settings) — for twenty four hours.
- Choose recipients. When everything’s ready to go, tap here to view your friends list, so you can specify who gets your masterpiece.
Now you get it?
As you now know, the very first Snapchat mystery — How do you use it? — is lightly solved, once you have a cheat sheet.
As for the 2nd mystery — Why do you use it? — it helps to be a teenager. But Snapchat also rocketed up the ranks because of its convenience, silliness and joy, immediacy — and above all, because whatever you do with it, you won’t someday regret it.